Assessing Solzhenitsyn

Lots of writers have been trying to reach a valedictory assessment of Alexander Solzhenitsyn since he died. Here is Roger Scruton in openDemocracy, for example:

It is fair to say that the three-volume The Gulag Archipelago did more than any other publication to cause the scales to fall from the eyes of those who had been tempted to believe that communism would have been fine, had it not been perverted from its true course by Stalin. Solzhenitsyn showed the way in which, once accountability has been set aside, as it was set aside by Lenin in 1918, and once society had as a result been conscripted to a single goal, with all institutions gathered up into the collective advance, it is not “corruption” that leads to the triumph of evil. The conditions are now in place for evil to prevail, since there is nothing to prevent it.

Yet this evil should not be seen as an impersonal thing. Solzhenitsyn was far from endorsing the thesis of the “banality of evil” as Hannah Arendt had expounded it. Nor did he see totalitarianism as the ultimate source of the evil that it promotes. Rather totalitarian government is the great mistake, made for whatever noble or ignoble purpose, of putting the final goal before the present dilemma. It is this which gives evil intentions the same chance as good ones, which enables the criminal and the psychopath to compete on a level with the saint and the hero. Yet even in totalitarianism the evil belongs to the human beings, and not to the system. This is the remarkable message that Solzhenitsyn, crawling from the death-machine, carried pressed to his heart.

Eileen Battersby has a rather good piece in the Irish Times in which she argues that his great misfortune was to live long enough to be overlooked in his ‘liberated’ homeland.

HAD HE died about 30 years ago, instead of living on until Sunday to die of heart failure at 89, the 1970 Nobel Prize for Literature laureate Alexander Solzhenitsyn would have been remembered as a hero, a prophet and, above all, a great writer in a country of great writers.

But he made one mistake – he survived.

Not only did he survive the second World War, Stalin’s death camps and stomach cancer, Solzhenitsyn, the author of more than 20 books, who went into exile, initially to Switzerland, and then on to the US where he remained for 17 years, survived communism.

His was not an exile of glamour. By the time Solzhenitsyn had settled in Vermont where his household lived in a high security compound of sorts, surrounded by a high wooden fence, the West had already discovered a far more attractive Russian dissident, Joseph Brodsky, who was possessed of a swagger, an anger he could use to theatrical effect and a willingness to play to the gallery. Aside from all of that Brodsky was only 55, he favoured highly Americanised English, whereas Solzhenitsyn’s was formal. Above all, he repeatedly attacked liberalism. His years in the West saw the one-time prophet become a zealot…

But what Battersby sees as zealotry, Scruton sees as integrity — the persnickety quality that led Solzhenitsyn to attack Western frivolity in his famous Harvard address.

Apple’s paranoia: the downside

Good column by Bill Thompson…

Different calculations apply when it comes to dealing with people who already use its products, where Apple’s unwillingness to divulge details of security flaws or even the specifics of how flaws are fixed leaves customers confused, ignorant and possibly exposed to attacks that could be avoided.

Patches are simply distributed through Software Update, with little detail about the problems they address or the changes they make, and discussion of security is severely restricted.

We have seen this recently, as two Apple-related talks at the 2008 Black Hat hacker convention were pulled at short notice. A discussion of flaws in the Mac OS disk encryption system FileVault by Charles Edge was withdrawn because he has signed confidentiality agreements with Apple…

Packet-switching becomes middle-aged

Forty years ago today, Donald Davies of the National Physical Laboratory gave the first public presentation of his idea for a packet-switched network. The strange thing is that he and Paul Baran of RAND independently came up with the concept. Baran got to it earlier but mothballed the idea because of AT&T’s hostility. So when Bob Taylor’s ARPA-funded researchers began working on the design of the ARPAnet they knew nothing about Baran’s earlier work, and only learned about it from Donald Davies. The full story, if you’re interested, is told in my book.

I was privileged to know Donald towards the end of his life — he was the External Assessor for the Open University course You, your computer and the Net which Martin Weller, Gary Alexander and I created in the late 1990s. He was exquisitely polite, modest, reserved and ferociously clever. In the last year of his life, just for amusement, he wrote a simulator (in Visual Basic, if you please) of the German Enigma machine which Bletchley Park cracked during World War 2.

Internet memes

Michael has found a timeline of memes. Hooray! Now, instead of having to embark on long explanations to sceptical interrogators, I can simply point them to it.

What’s a meme? Wikipedia says the term “denotes any learned feeling, thought or behavior. Examples include thoughts, ideas, theories, practices, habits, songs, dances and moods. Memes propagate themselves and can move through a sociological ‘culture’ in a manner similar to the behavior of a virus”.

I prefer to say that a meme is an infectious idea.

On this day…

… in 1963, the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union signed a treaty in Moscow banning nuclear tests in the atmosphere, outer space and underwater. It was one of JFK’s great achievements.

Clou…,er, Dell computing

According to The Register,

Dell is attempting to trademark the tech industry’s favourite buzzword – “cloud computing”.

The Round Rock, Texas firm is trying to gain control of the ubiquitous term according to a document filed on the US Patent and Trademark Office’s website.

Dell’s application has already reached the so-called “notice of allowance” stage, whereby a company is granted “written notification from the USPTO that a specific mark has survived the opposition period… and has consequently been allowed for registration”.

In other words, Dell has very quietly pushed its trademarking application past the phase where opponents of its move can have any say in the process.

But that doesn’t mean Dell now owns the term “cloud computing”, which, according to a quick search on Google News has been used nearly 3,500 times in the past week alone. The USPTO notes: “Receiving a notice of allowance is another step on the way to registration.”

“Cloud computing” is basically a catch-all term used widely among CEOs – from Ballmer to Jobs and everyone inbetween – who are increasingly preoccupied with pushing their products and services online; or, as they prefer it, up into the cloud. So if Dell successfully snatches the trademark, its usage could be somewhat curtailed.