How not to do it

Composing headlines that are both funny or striking AND accurate is a pretty difficult art. On the other hand, composing headlines that are funny and misleading is dead easy. This lead story from the Cambridge student newspaper is a textbook case of the latter. The peg for it is the fact that Cambridge University had a very successful 40-year bond issue yesterday to raise money for the next phase of the University’s development, which includes a massive new development in North-West Cambridge. The issue — which was for £350 million — was massively (four times) oversubscribed.

The Varsity story under the headline is actually reasonably accurate. But clearly the sub-editor who composed the headline hadn’t read it. A bond issue is not an asset sale, but a standard way used by governments, institutions and corporations to borrow money at favourable rates. The real story behind the bond issue is that the ratings agencies — and the pension funds that rely on them to assess creditworthiness — think that Cambridge University is a better bet than most of the governments in the Western world.

Still (to look on the bright side), the kid who wrote the headline may have a promising future — on the Daily Express, perhaps. Or perhaps the Star.

Cyberwarfare: Iran ups its game

Intriguing NYT story about the next phase of cyberwarfare. Phase One, you will recall, was the Stuxnet attack, organised by the US and Israel.

On Aug. 15, more than 55,000 Saudi Aramco employees stayed home from work to prepare for one of Islam’s holiest nights of the year — Lailat al Qadr, or the Night of Power — celebrating the revelation of the Koran to Muhammad.

That morning, at 11:08, a person with privileged access to the Saudi state-owned oil company’s computers, unleashed a computer virus to initiate what is regarded as among the most destructive acts of computer sabotage on a company to date. The virus erased data on three-quarters of Aramco’s corporate PCs — documents, spreadsheets, e-mails, files — replacing all of it with an image of a burning American flag.

United States intelligence officials say the attack’s real perpetrator was Iran, although they offered no specific evidence to support that claim. But the secretary of defense, Leon E. Panetta, in a recent speech warning of the dangers of computer attacks, cited the Aramco sabotage as “a significant escalation of the cyber threat.” In the Aramco case, hackers who called themselves the “Cutting Sword of Justice” and claimed to be activists upset about Saudi policies in the Middle East took responsibility.

The iPad: some niche product, eh?

Before Apple launched the iPad, many sceptics wondered if there really was a market for such a device. Yesterday Tim Cook announced that, two weeks ago, Apple sold the 100 millionth iPad. That’s 100 million in two and a half years.

Makes you think.

Wittgenstein the inexpressible

Fascinating piece by Freeman Dyson, who lived on the same staircase as Wittgenstein in Whewell’s Court across from Trinity Great Gate.

Wittgenstein’s intellectual asceticism had a great influence on the philosophers of the English-speaking world. It narrowed the scope of philosophy by excluding ethics and aesthetics. At the same time, his personal asceticism enhanced his credibility. During World War II, he wanted to serve his adopted country in a practical way. Being too old for military service, he took a leave of absence from his academic position in Cambridge and served in a menial job, as a hospital orderly taking care of patients. When I arrived at Cambridge University in 1946, Wittgenstein had just returned from his six years of duty at the hospital. I held him in the highest respect and was delighted to find him living in a room above mine on the same staircase. I frequently met him walking up or down the stairs, but I was too shy to start a conversation. Several times I heard him muttering to himself: “I get stupider and stupider every day.”

Finally, toward the end of my time in Cambridge, I ventured to speak to him. I told him I had enjoyed reading the Tractatus, and I asked him whether he still held the same views that he had expressed twenty-eight years earlier. He remained silent for a long time and then said, “Which newspaper do you represent?” I told him I was a student and not a journalist, but he never answered my question.

Wittgenstein’s response to me was humiliating, and his response to female students who tried to attend his lectures was even worse. If a woman appeared in the audience, he would remain standing silent until she left the room. I decided that he was a charlatan using outrageous behavior to attract attention. I hated him for his rudeness. Fifty years later, walking through a churchyard on the outskirts of Cambridge on a sunny morning in winter, I came by chance upon his tombstone, a massive block of stone lightly covered with fresh snow. On the stone was written the single word, “WITTGENSTEIN.” To my surprise, I found that the old hatred was gone, replaced by a deeper understanding. He was at peace, and I was at peace too, in the white silence. He was no longer an ill-tempered charlatan. He was a tortured soul, the last survivor of a family with a tragic history, living a lonely life among strangers, trying until the end to express the inexpressible.

The photograph shows Wittgenstein’s grave as it is now. Larger size here.

How social networks can destroy your social life

This morning’s Observer column.

Foursquare, in case you haven’t come across it, is possibly the daftest application of GPS technology yet devised. It’s a mobile application that allows registered users to “check in” at a particular location. Checkers-in are rewarded with “points” and sometimes “badges”. (I am not making this up.) Check-in requires active user selection and points are awarded at check-in. Subscribers can also opt to have their checking-in achievements automatically posted to Twitter or Facebook.

But wait, there’s more! If you’ve checked in to a location on more occasions than anyone else over the past 60 days, then you are crowned “mayor” of that location. But of course some other rotter can depose you by checking in even more frantically and no doubt even as I write there are epic tussles going on for the mayorship of, say, Tooting Bec underground station, or the third litter bin on the left at the exit from Waterloo station.

If this business of points, badges and mayorships reminds you of the collection games that five-year-olds play with picture cards, Pokémon accessories and other gewgaws, then you’re right on the money…

Fifty years on

Fifty years ago this month, many of us wondered if we were on the brink of nuclear Armageddon as the Kennedy Administration confronted the Soviet Union over the latter’s stationing of nuclear missiles in Cuba. The way JFK and his colleagues handled the crisis is probably the most studied case-study in crisis management in history — see, for example, The Kennedy Tapes: Inside the White House During the Cuban Missile Crisis, but it’s still fascinating.

To mark the anniversary, the JFK Memorial Library has put together a remarkable web production which not only contains an excellent narrative of the evolution and resolution of the crisis, but also a riveting portfolio of documents, photographs, movies and audio recordings of the secret deliberations of Kennedy and his advisers. It takes time to absorb, but it’s worth it. And it’s a brilliant illustration of what the Web can do if used imaginatively.

Homage to Pandemonium

Diana Athill had a lovely piece in yesterday’s Guardian which starts like this:

When factory chimneys reared up during the Olympic opening ceremony I thought at once: “Pandaemonium – he must have read it” – then “Oh nonsense, it was published almost 30 years ago and one never sees it around nowadays.” But Danny Boyle had, indeed, read it. Humphrey Jennings’s great work did inspire an occasion with which nearly everyone in this country was going to fall in love.

It made me sit up because Humphrey Jennings also flashed into my mind when I watched the recording of the Opening Ceremony. (We were travelling on the night and so missed the live transmission.) Pandaemonium 1660-1886: The Coming of the Machine as Seen by Contemporary Observers has been one of my favourite books for years, and nestles on my bookshelves as a kind of antidote to the ravings of Paul Johnson (see picture). What astounded me when I first read it is how clearly and perceptively the people who lived through the first Industrial Revolution saw and understood what was happening. As we live though another industrial revolution are we as perceptive? I don’t think so.

What I didn’t know until I read the Athill piece is that she had been its editor at Andre Deutsch. She writes knowledgeably (and movingly) about its genesis:

It came about when, as a thankyou to the people of a Welsh village where he had been making a film, Jennings gave a series of talks about the industrial revolution for which he collected extracts from many sources. From then on he never ceased collecting, and his purpose was clear: he was going to make a book presenting not the political or the economic history, but the human history of the industrial revolution. He would not describe or analyse; rather, people who had experienced it would show what it was like.

Jennings died before the book was published so it was edited for publication by his daughter and his friend, Charles Madge. Jennings was a documentary film-maker, and in a way Pandemonium is actually a film in print format. It lets its witnesses speak for themselves. It’s lovely to know that it has been revived and reissued.