Knowingness and knowledge

“There is a difference between knowingness and knowledge, but what is it? Knowingness comes after knowledge; it is only the echo of its source, and it is proud to be the echo. One of the liberties of our connected age is that we can be almost infinitely knowing, consoling our lack of true knowledge with an easy cynicism of acquisition. It is cheaply glorious to be able to discover almost any fact about the world on the machine I am using to write this review: I experience that liberty as the reward it is, and also as a punishment; as both a gift of the digital world and a judgement on my scant acquaintance with the actual world.”

James Wood, reviewing Zia Haider Rahman’s dazzling first novel, In the Light of What We Know, in the New Yorker, May 19,2014.

Hindsight

Nice cartoon in the New Yorker. A woman is talking to a chap at a school reunion. “I liked you better as a distant memory,” she says.

Fledged!

Wagtail_fledgling_blog

Outside our kitchen window is what we had always assumed was an abandoned nest-box. Recently, though, we noticed several things: (i) our two cats were taking an inordinate interest in it, (ii) adult birds were flying missions to and from the box and (iii) an extraordinarily courageous wagtail was distracting the cats by hopping about on the lawn and generally tormenting them by flying overhead.

Naturally we fretted about the fate of the birds, and for two days kept the cats indoors, much to their chagrin. Then this morning my wife saw this little chap on the roof of our study. He had just flown for the first time and had alighted to savour his new freedom (and perhaps also to recover from the shock). He looked at her impassively as she took his portrait.

Big screens, small houses

I was a TV critic for 13 years (1982-87 on the Listener, now sadly defunct; 1987-95 on the Observer, still going strong), so I feel I’ve paid my dues to the medium. I still watch TV occasionally, but rarely while it’s being broadcast (which is why, for me, the BBC iPlayer was such a great innovation). It’s “my schedule, not the scheduler’s schedule” now. And because I watch TV on devices other than ‘television sets’ I’ve paid very little attention to how the consumer market has developed over the last decade or so.

But the the other day I found myself walking through the local branch of John Lewis while en route to somewhere else and I found myself in the audio-visual department, where I was surrounded by gigantic screens. And then I was struck by the irony of what’s happening. All over the country, developers are building new apartments consisting of ever-smaller rooms, while at the same time manufacturers are building ever-bigger flat-screen TVs. If these two trends continue then we are on course for an interesting collision.

And then I stumbled on this nice piece by Douglas Coupland, in which he writes

big-screen TVs are ugly. In the history of human technology, there have been few inventions whose intrinsic ugliness and brutality of form defy all notions of beauty and defeat everything we call “home”.

Trying to put a big screen in a domestic space and have it look natural is almost impossible, like having a 2001: A Space Odyssey monolith inserted into your life – a monolith that has total disregard for your humanity or taste. The black minimalist box on your wall negates your framed wedding photos, your cornices, your art collection, your potted plants. The only environment it looks passably OK in is a modern house built after 2008 that factors in the bizarre scale of big screens – and even then, when you see one passably installed, you feel like you’ve walked into Muammer Gaddafi’s bedroom.

Yep.

Deadlines

Nice cartoon in the New Yorker. Shows a journalist frantically typing and saying to a bemused colleague: “I’m listing my deadlines by due date so I can miss them in chronological order.”

Tweet of the Week

Twitter has a new ‘feature’ — a once-a-week email letting you know which of your tweets got most attention in the previous week.

Last week mine was:

So is Piketty the new Harry Potter? No: but he may be the next Fukuyama. tinyurl.com/li24hkf

Research-led teaching and pathological paradigms

The economist Diane Coyle has an interesting article on the need to reform the way undergraduate economics is taught. This is a theme that she has been writing about ever since the 2008 crash. In her article she points to some cracks that are appearing in the hitherto impenetrable facade of the profession’s establishment — as evidenced by some interesting new initiatives by university teachers. Wendy Carlin’s intriguing project, for example, carries the subtitle: “teaching economics as if the last three decades had happened”.

“Even a relatively minimal interpretation implies a substantial amount of change in many undergraduate economics programmes,” writes Coyle.

In many universities, the core curriculum settled into a predictable rut. This interacted with two factors: (i) incentives for academic research to focus on technical increments to knowledge – contributions aimed solely at professional peers, and (ii) rising teaching loads and student numbers stemming from pressures on university finances.

Despite the great interest in reform among economists teaching undergraduate courses, change will take some time as these various barriers are overcome.

There is probably the widest agreement about changes such as:

Re-introducing elements of economic history into core modules;
* Incorporating some issues on the frontiers of research into undergraduate teaching;
* Encouraging inter-disciplinary interest; and
* Ensuring students are taught key skills such as data handling and good communication.

I was particularly struck by her point about the factors explaining the “rut” into which undergraduate economics teaching had fallen. For several decades (perhaps longer) the ‘mathematisation’ of economics had led to the fossilisation of the profession round a Kuhnian paradigm which yielded lots of interesting intellectual puzzles but was effectively detached from the real world of finance, globalisation, computerised trading, neoliberal ideology and other phenomena. The result was the evolution of a profession that is effectively coalesced round a pathological paradigm — i.e. one that has little to do with the real-world domain to which it purportedly applies (see “The Dismal (and dangerous) Science” and Richard Posner’s strictures).

And therein lies an interesting unintended consequence — the way in which successive generations of undergraduates have been lured astray by something that all elite universities sell as their USP – the promise that kids will be taught by academics who are research leaders in their fields.

Those universities have been as good as their word. The result is that generations of kids in elite institutions have been stuffed with the fantasies emanating from the dominant, research-led economics paradigm. As my friend Geoff Harcourt pointed out in his letter to the Queen (see here again), apologists for the paradigm do not consider

“how the preference for mathematical technique over real-world substance diverted many economists from looking at the vital whole. It fails to reflect upon the drive to specialise in narrow areas of inquiry, to the detriment of any synthetic vision. For example, it does not consider the typical omission of psychology, philosophy or economic history from the current education of economists in prestigious institutions. It mentions neither the highly questionable belief in universal ‘rationality’ nor the ‘efficient markets hypothesis’ — both widely promoted by mainstream economists. It also fails to consider how economists have also been ‘charmed by the market’ and how simplistic and reckless market solutions have been widely and vigorously promoted by many economists.

What has been scarce is a professional wisdom informed by a rich knowledge of psychology, institutional structures and historic precedents. This insufficiency has been apparent among those economists giving advice to governments, banks, businesses and policy institutes. Non-quantified warnings about the potential instability of the global financial system should have been given much more attention.

We believe that the narrow training of economists — which concentrates on mathematical techniques and the building of empirically uncontrolled formal models — has been a major reason for this failure in our profession. This defect is enhanced by the pursuit of mathematical technique for its own sake in many leading academic journals and departments of economics.”

The big question, of course, is whether the arguments advanced by Diane Coyle, Geoff Harcourt and other perceptive critics will lead to any substantive change in the way mainstream economics is taught. Anyone familiar with Thomas Kuhn’s analysis, who has seen the intellectual and organisational grip that paradigms exert on academic disciplines, or read John Cassidy’s account of denial in the profession, is bound to be sceptical. Some people would sooner die than admit that they have been wrong. And they include many academics.