Daily Archives: August 24, 2005

Waiting for Godot

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Fifty years ago tonight, the theatrical world was turned upside down. Peter Hall’s production of Sam Beckett’s Waiting for Godot premiered in London. I’ve always thought that only Ken Tynan did it justice, in his Observer review. This is what he wrote:

By all the known criteria, Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot is a dramatic vacuum. Pity the critic who seeks a chink in its armour, for it is all chink. It has no plot, no climax, no denouement; no beginning, no middle, and no end. Unavoidably, it has a situation, and it might be accused of having suspense, since it deals with the impatience of two tramps, waiting beneath a tree for a cryptic Mr Godot to keep his appointment with them; but the situation is never developed, and a glance at the programme shows that Mr Godot is not going to arrive. Waiting for Godot frankly jettisons everything by which we recognise theatre. It arrives at the custom-house, as it were, with no luggage, no passport, and nothing to declare; yet it gets through, as might a pilgrim from Mars. It does this, I believe, by appealing to a definition of drama much more fundamental than anything in the books. A play, it asserts and proves, is basically a means of spending two hours in the dark without being bored.

Peter Hall has written a nice piece about the premiere in today’s Guardian. He compares Godot with that other iconic play, John Osborne’s Look Back in Anger.

Look Back in Anger was a play formed by the careful naturalism of the 30s and the craft beloved by the old repertory theatres. It now looks dated and prolix because it uses the convention of the old well-made play. I think that my generation heard more political revolution in it than was actually there – largely because we desperately needed to.

By contrast, Waiting for Godot hasn’t dated at all. It remains a masterpiece transcending all barriers and all nationalities. And it could have been written today: there is nothing of the 50s about it. It is the start of modern drama and it gave the theatre back its metaphorical power.

Godot challenged and then removed 100 years of literal naturalism where a room could only be considered a room if it was presented in full detail with the fourth wall removed. Godot provided an empty stage, with a tree and two figures who waited each day and yet had to survive.

Computing v. entertainment

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One of the things that baffles me most is why the computing industry is so frightened of the content industry (record companies, movie studios, publishers). After all, information technology is immeasurably more important to the US and all other developed economies than are all the entertainment companies combined.

What they want to do is to slow technological development to fit in with their obsolete, low-tech business models. That’s why they loathe the personal computer — because it’s a general-purpose device that can be used for anything that a clever programmer can devise. They want every device to be like a Sony Playstation — with “no consumer-serviceable parts”, and warranty that is voided if the case is opened: i.e. devices that are only used for the purpose designated by their manufacturers.

In the end, computing is too important for this kind of obscurantist tyranny to be allowed to triumph. Users should always be the ones who decide what their computers will be used for. But for the time being legislators and — incredibly — technology companies appear to be cowed by it. Now — in the form of an official Microsoft document (in Word format, natch) — comes evidence of the astonishing compromises that Microsoft has accepted in the next release of Windows to placate the copyright thugs. In Ed Felten’s words,

The document reveals that movie studios will have explicit veto power over what is included in some parts of Vista. For example, pages 22-24 describe the “High Bandwidth Cipher” which will be used to encrypt video data is it passes across the PC’s internal PCIe bus. Hollywood will allow the use of the AES cipher, but many PCs won’t be able to run AES fast enough, leading to stutter in the video. People are free to design their own ciphers, but they must go through an approval process before being included in Windows Vista.

But the surrender is even more startling that this. For example, The second criterion for acceptance is that evidence must be presented to Hollywood and other content owners, and they must agree that it provides the required level of security. Written proof from at least three of the major Hollywood studios is required.

There’s lots more in this vein. To those of us accustomed to seeing Microsoft as the ultimate corporate bully, this is mind-blowing stuff. A company that thumbs its nose at the US Federal government (and gets away with it) rolls over for Hollywood. Can you imagine this happening in any other industry — where the dominant company in one market allows a small but litigious industry from another sector to control the design of its products? It’s weird.